{
  "name": "North American time zone rules, updated for 2026",
  "publisher": "Time Zone Hell",
  "url": "https://timezonehell.com/data/",
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution": "Time Zone Hell (timezonehell.com)",
  "last_verified": "2026-10-21",
  "tz_database_version": "2026e",
  "notes": "Offsets are hours from UTC. utc_offset_winter is in effect in January 2027; utc_offset_summer in July 2027. clock_changes lists changes from 2026-11-01 to 2027-12-31.",
  "changes_2026": [
    {
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "rule": "UTC−7 all year. Last clock change March 8, 2026; no fall-back on Nov 1, 2026. Southeastern BC (East Kootenay) follows Alberta; Golden moves to UTC−7.",
      "sources": [
        "https://archive.news.gov.bc.ca/releases/news_releases_2024-2028/2026AG0013-000209.htm",
        "https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/governments/celebrating-british-columbia/daylight-saving-time"
      ]
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "rule": "Alberta Time (ABT), UTC−6 all year, under Bill 31, the Red Tape Reduction Statutes Amendment Act, 2026. Clock-change sections proclaimed June 18, 2026; no fall-back on Nov 1, 2026.",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.ctvnews.ca/edmonton/article/alberta-time-legislation-tabled-to-move-alberta-to-permanent-daylight-time/",
        "https://lists.iana.org/hyperkitty/list/tz-announce@iana.org/thread/NVHSX2PAQIT44U5FCCEVNJJYXQMMTJSA/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "rule": "Northwest Territories Time, UTC−6 all year. Regulations in force Aug 21, 2026; no fall-back on Nov 1, 2026.",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.gov.nt.ca/en/newsroom/northwest-territories-ends-seasonal-time-change"
      ]
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "rule": "UTC−5 all year (daylight time kept permanently). Last clock change March 8, 2026; no fall-back on Nov 1, 2026.",
      "sources": [
        "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/bills/43-2/b223e.php",
        "https://www.theweathernetwork.com/en/news/weather/seasonal/manitoba-adopts-permanent-daylight-time"
      ]
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Northwestern Ontario (Kenora and nearby)",
      "rule": "Stays on Central Daylight Time (UTC−5) all year to stay aligned with Manitoba, from Nov 1, 2026. Announced by Ontario on Oct 13, 2026.",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.kenora.ca/news-and-notices/posts/city-welcomes-ontarios-decision-to-adopt-permanent-daylight-saving-time-in-northwestern-ontario/"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "zones": [
    {
      "id": "hawaii-aleutian-time",
      "name": "Hawaii-Aleutian Time",
      "code": "HST",
      "example_iana_zone": "Pacific/Honolulu",
      "utc_offset_winter": -10,
      "utc_offset_summer": -10,
      "observes_dst": false,
      "clock_changes": [],
      "used_in": [
        "Hawaii",
        "Alaska's Aleutian Islands west of 169°30′W, which do switch to daylight time (HDT, UTC−9) in summer"
      ],
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time-zones/hawaii-aleutian-time/"
    },
    {
      "id": "alaska-time",
      "name": "Alaska Time",
      "code": "AKST / AKDT",
      "example_iana_zone": "America/Anchorage",
      "utc_offset_winter": -9,
      "utc_offset_summer": -8,
      "observes_dst": true,
      "clock_changes": [
        {
          "date": "Mar 14, 2027",
          "from": -9,
          "to": -8
        },
        {
          "date": "Nov 7, 2027",
          "from": -8,
          "to": -9
        }
      ],
      "used_in": [
        "Most of Alaska, including Anchorage, Fairbanks and Juneau"
      ],
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time-zones/alaska-time/"
    },
    {
      "id": "pacific-time",
      "name": "Pacific Time",
      "code": "PST / PDT",
      "example_iana_zone": "America/Los_Angeles",
      "utc_offset_winter": -8,
      "utc_offset_summer": -7,
      "observes_dst": true,
      "clock_changes": [
        {
          "date": "Mar 14, 2027",
          "from": -8,
          "to": -7
        },
        {
          "date": "Nov 7, 2027",
          "from": -7,
          "to": -8
        }
      ],
      "used_in": [
        "California",
        "Washington",
        "Most of Oregon",
        "Nevada",
        "Idaho's northern panhandle"
      ],
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time-zones/pacific-time/"
    },
    {
      "id": "bc-pacific-time",
      "name": "BC Pacific Time",
      "code": "PCT",
      "example_iana_zone": "America/Vancouver",
      "utc_offset_winter": -7,
      "utc_offset_summer": -7,
      "observes_dst": false,
      "clock_changes": [],
      "used_in": [
        "Most of British Columbia, including Vancouver, Victoria, Kelowna and Kamloops",
        "Golden, which switched from Alberta’s time on Nov 1, 2026",
        "BC’s Peace River region and Creston are on the same time (UTC−7) and always have been"
      ],
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time-zones/bc-pacific-time/"
    },
    {
      "id": "yukon-standard-time",
      "name": "Yukon Standard Time",
      "code": "MST",
      "example_iana_zone": "America/Whitehorse",
      "utc_offset_winter": -7,
      "utc_offset_summer": -7,
      "observes_dst": false,
      "clock_changes": [],
      "used_in": [
        "All of Yukon"
      ],
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time-zones/yukon-standard-time/"
    },
    {
      "id": "mountain-standard-time",
      "name": "Mountain Standard Time (no daylight saving)",
      "code": "MST",
      "example_iana_zone": "America/Phoenix",
      "utc_offset_winter": -7,
      "utc_offset_summer": -7,
      "observes_dst": false,
      "clock_changes": [],
      "used_in": [
        "Arizona, except the Navajo Nation",
        "BC's Peace River region, including Fort St. John and Dawson Creek",
        "Creston, BC",
        "Yukon, under the name Yukon Standard Time"
      ],
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time-zones/mountain-standard-time/"
    },
    {
      "id": "mountain-time",
      "name": "Mountain Time",
      "code": "MST / MDT",
      "example_iana_zone": "America/Denver",
      "utc_offset_winter": -7,
      "utc_offset_summer": -6,
      "observes_dst": true,
      "clock_changes": [
        {
          "date": "Mar 14, 2027",
          "from": -7,
          "to": -6
        },
        {
          "date": "Nov 7, 2027",
          "from": -6,
          "to": -7
        }
      ],
      "used_in": [
        "Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Wyoming and Montana",
        "Most of Idaho",
        "Parts of Nebraska, Kansas, the Dakotas and Oregon",
        "El Paso, Texas",
        "The Navajo Nation in Arizona",
        "Western Nunavut, including Cambridge Bay"
      ],
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time-zones/mountain-time/"
    },
    {
      "id": "alberta-time",
      "name": "Alberta Time",
      "code": "ABT",
      "example_iana_zone": "America/Edmonton",
      "utc_offset_winter": -6,
      "utc_offset_summer": -6,
      "observes_dst": false,
      "clock_changes": [],
      "used_in": [
        "All of Alberta",
        "The Northwest Territories, which made the same change",
        "BC's East Kootenay, including Cranbrook, Fernie and Invermere",
        "Lloydminster, on the Alberta–Saskatchewan border"
      ],
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time-zones/alberta-time/"
    },
    {
      "id": "central-standard-time-saskatchewan",
      "name": "Central Standard Time (Saskatchewan)",
      "code": "CST",
      "example_iana_zone": "America/Regina",
      "utc_offset_winter": -6,
      "utc_offset_summer": -6,
      "observes_dst": false,
      "clock_changes": [],
      "used_in": [
        "Almost all of Saskatchewan"
      ],
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time-zones/central-standard-time-saskatchewan/"
    },
    {
      "id": "central-time",
      "name": "Central Time",
      "code": "CST / CDT",
      "example_iana_zone": "America/Chicago",
      "utc_offset_winter": -6,
      "utc_offset_summer": -5,
      "observes_dst": true,
      "clock_changes": [
        {
          "date": "Mar 14, 2027",
          "from": -6,
          "to": -5
        },
        {
          "date": "Nov 7, 2027",
          "from": -5,
          "to": -6
        }
      ],
      "used_in": [
        "Illinois, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Oklahoma",
        "Most of Texas, Kansas, Nebraska and the Dakotas",
        "Parts of Tennessee, Kentucky, Indiana, Michigan and the Florida Panhandle",
        "Central Nunavut, including Rankin Inlet"
      ],
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time-zones/central-time/"
    },
    {
      "id": "manitoba-time",
      "name": "Manitoba Time",
      "code": "CDT",
      "example_iana_zone": "America/Winnipeg",
      "utc_offset_winter": -5,
      "utc_offset_summer": -5,
      "observes_dst": false,
      "clock_changes": [],
      "used_in": [
        "All of Manitoba",
        "Northwestern Ontario west of 90°W that has always followed Manitoba, including Kenora"
      ],
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time-zones/manitoba-time/"
    },
    {
      "id": "eastern-time",
      "name": "Eastern Time",
      "code": "EST / EDT",
      "example_iana_zone": "America/Toronto",
      "utc_offset_winter": -5,
      "utc_offset_summer": -4,
      "observes_dst": true,
      "clock_changes": [
        {
          "date": "Mar 14, 2027",
          "from": -5,
          "to": -4
        },
        {
          "date": "Nov 7, 2027",
          "from": -4,
          "to": -5
        }
      ],
      "used_in": [
        "Ontario east of 90°W",
        "Most of Quebec",
        "Eastern Nunavut, including Iqaluit",
        "The US East Coast and most of the Midwest east of Chicago",
        "Atikokan, Ontario uses Eastern Standard Time all year with no daylight saving"
      ],
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time-zones/eastern-time/"
    },
    {
      "id": "atlantic-time",
      "name": "Atlantic Time",
      "code": "AST / ADT",
      "example_iana_zone": "America/Halifax",
      "utc_offset_winter": -4,
      "utc_offset_summer": -3,
      "observes_dst": true,
      "clock_changes": [
        {
          "date": "Mar 14, 2027",
          "from": -4,
          "to": -3
        },
        {
          "date": "Nov 7, 2027",
          "from": -3,
          "to": -4
        }
      ],
      "used_in": [
        "Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island",
        "Most of Labrador",
        "Quebec's Lower North Shore around Blanc-Sablon, which stays on Atlantic Standard Time all year"
      ],
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time-zones/atlantic-time/"
    },
    {
      "id": "newfoundland-time",
      "name": "Newfoundland Time",
      "code": "NST / NDT",
      "example_iana_zone": "America/St_Johns",
      "utc_offset_winter": -3.5,
      "utc_offset_summer": -2.5,
      "observes_dst": true,
      "clock_changes": [
        {
          "date": "Mar 14, 2027",
          "from": -3.5,
          "to": -2.5
        },
        {
          "date": "Nov 7, 2027",
          "from": -2.5,
          "to": -3.5
        }
      ],
      "used_in": [
        "The island of Newfoundland",
        "Southeastern Labrador"
      ],
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time-zones/newfoundland-time/"
    }
  ],
  "cities": [
    {
      "name": "Vancouver",
      "region": "BC",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "bc-pacific-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -7,
      "utc_offset_summer": -7,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/vancouver/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Victoria",
      "region": "BC",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "bc-pacific-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -7,
      "utc_offset_summer": -7,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/victoria/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kelowna",
      "region": "BC",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "bc-pacific-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -7,
      "utc_offset_summer": -7,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/kelowna/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kamloops",
      "region": "BC",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "bc-pacific-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -7,
      "utc_offset_summer": -7,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/kamloops/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Fort St. John",
      "region": "BC",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "mountain-standard-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -7,
      "utc_offset_summer": -7,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/fort-st-john/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cranbrook",
      "region": "BC",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "alberta-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -6,
      "utc_offset_summer": -6,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/cranbrook/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Calgary",
      "region": "AB",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "alberta-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -6,
      "utc_offset_summer": -6,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/calgary/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Edmonton",
      "region": "AB",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "alberta-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -6,
      "utc_offset_summer": -6,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/edmonton/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lethbridge",
      "region": "AB",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "alberta-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -6,
      "utc_offset_summer": -6,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/lethbridge/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Regina",
      "region": "SK",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "central-standard-time-saskatchewan",
      "utc_offset_winter": -6,
      "utc_offset_summer": -6,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/regina/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Saskatoon",
      "region": "SK",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "central-standard-time-saskatchewan",
      "utc_offset_winter": -6,
      "utc_offset_summer": -6,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/saskatoon/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Winnipeg",
      "region": "MB",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "manitoba-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -5,
      "utc_offset_summer": -5,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/winnipeg/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Brandon",
      "region": "MB",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "manitoba-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -5,
      "utc_offset_summer": -5,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/brandon/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kenora",
      "region": "ON",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "manitoba-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -5,
      "utc_offset_summer": -5,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/kenora/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Thunder Bay",
      "region": "ON",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "eastern-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -5,
      "utc_offset_summer": -4,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/thunder-bay/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Toronto",
      "region": "ON",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "eastern-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -5,
      "utc_offset_summer": -4,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/toronto/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ottawa",
      "region": "ON",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "eastern-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -5,
      "utc_offset_summer": -4,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/ottawa/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hamilton",
      "region": "ON",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "eastern-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -5,
      "utc_offset_summer": -4,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/hamilton/"
    },
    {
      "name": "London",
      "region": "ON",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "eastern-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -5,
      "utc_offset_summer": -4,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/london-on/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Montreal",
      "region": "QC",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "eastern-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -5,
      "utc_offset_summer": -4,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/montreal/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Quebec City",
      "region": "QC",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "eastern-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -5,
      "utc_offset_summer": -4,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/quebec-city/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Halifax",
      "region": "NS",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "atlantic-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -4,
      "utc_offset_summer": -3,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/halifax/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Moncton",
      "region": "NB",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "atlantic-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -4,
      "utc_offset_summer": -3,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/moncton/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Fredericton",
      "region": "NB",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "atlantic-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -4,
      "utc_offset_summer": -3,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/fredericton/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Charlottetown",
      "region": "PE",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "atlantic-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -4,
      "utc_offset_summer": -3,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/charlottetown/"
    },
    {
      "name": "St. John's",
      "region": "NL",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "newfoundland-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -3.5,
      "utc_offset_summer": -2.5,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/st-johns/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Whitehorse",
      "region": "YT",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "yukon-standard-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -7,
      "utc_offset_summer": -7,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/whitehorse/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yellowknife",
      "region": "NT",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "alberta-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -6,
      "utc_offset_summer": -6,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/yellowknife/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Iqaluit",
      "region": "NU",
      "country": "CA",
      "zone": "eastern-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -5,
      "utc_offset_summer": -4,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/iqaluit/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Seattle",
      "region": "WA",
      "country": "US",
      "zone": "pacific-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -8,
      "utc_offset_summer": -7,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/seattle/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Portland",
      "region": "OR",
      "country": "US",
      "zone": "pacific-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -8,
      "utc_offset_summer": -7,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/portland/"
    },
    {
      "name": "San Francisco",
      "region": "CA",
      "country": "US",
      "zone": "pacific-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -8,
      "utc_offset_summer": -7,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/san-francisco/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Los Angeles",
      "region": "CA",
      "country": "US",
      "zone": "pacific-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -8,
      "utc_offset_summer": -7,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/los-angeles/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Las Vegas",
      "region": "NV",
      "country": "US",
      "zone": "pacific-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -8,
      "utc_offset_summer": -7,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/las-vegas/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Phoenix",
      "region": "AZ",
      "country": "US",
      "zone": "mountain-standard-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -7,
      "utc_offset_summer": -7,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/phoenix/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Denver",
      "region": "CO",
      "country": "US",
      "zone": "mountain-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -7,
      "utc_offset_summer": -6,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/denver/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Salt Lake City",
      "region": "UT",
      "country": "US",
      "zone": "mountain-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -7,
      "utc_offset_summer": -6,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/salt-lake-city/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dallas",
      "region": "TX",
      "country": "US",
      "zone": "central-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -6,
      "utc_offset_summer": -5,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/dallas/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Houston",
      "region": "TX",
      "country": "US",
      "zone": "central-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -6,
      "utc_offset_summer": -5,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/houston/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chicago",
      "region": "IL",
      "country": "US",
      "zone": "central-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -6,
      "utc_offset_summer": -5,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/chicago/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Minneapolis",
      "region": "MN",
      "country": "US",
      "zone": "central-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -6,
      "utc_offset_summer": -5,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/minneapolis/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Detroit",
      "region": "MI",
      "country": "US",
      "zone": "eastern-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -5,
      "utc_offset_summer": -4,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/detroit/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Atlanta",
      "region": "GA",
      "country": "US",
      "zone": "eastern-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -5,
      "utc_offset_summer": -4,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/atlanta/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Miami",
      "region": "FL",
      "country": "US",
      "zone": "eastern-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -5,
      "utc_offset_summer": -4,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/miami/"
    },
    {
      "name": "New York",
      "region": "NY",
      "country": "US",
      "zone": "eastern-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -5,
      "utc_offset_summer": -4,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/new-york/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Boston",
      "region": "MA",
      "country": "US",
      "zone": "eastern-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -5,
      "utc_offset_summer": -4,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/boston/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Washington",
      "region": "DC",
      "country": "US",
      "zone": "eastern-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -5,
      "utc_offset_summer": -4,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/washington-dc/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Anchorage",
      "region": "AK",
      "country": "US",
      "zone": "alaska-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -9,
      "utc_offset_summer": -8,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/anchorage/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Honolulu",
      "region": "HI",
      "country": "US",
      "zone": "hawaii-aleutian-time",
      "utc_offset_winter": -10,
      "utc_offset_summer": -10,
      "url": "https://timezonehell.com/time/honolulu/"
    }
  ]
}